Introduction Why Use OPNET Modeler Computer Science Essay

Introduction Why Use OPNET Modeler Computer Science Essay OPNET Modeler is a very good tool for network designing and simulation. OPNET Modeler was selected because most of the wired and wireless network components are available in the OPNET 15.0 Modeler. In this version a number of different models can be created to simulate, analyze and compare their results. This chapter explains how the different wired and wireless network has been designed and simulated in OPNET Modeler. In this project different scenario for Ethernet, DSL, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX in two different projects has been created in OPNET Modeler 15.0 . There is also a comparison between the wired and wireless networks. The Ethernet network is compared with the Wi-Fi network and the DSL network is compared with the WiMAX network. Overview of OPNET Modeler OPNET stands for Optimized Network Engineering Tool. The OPNET Modeler is a very powerful tool for the network modeling and simulation. The purpose of the OPNET Modeler is to optimize cost, efficiency, performance, viability and scalability characteristics of the network. In addition OPNET Modeler has a huge library of nodes(fixed, mobile or satellite), links(simplex, duplex, wired or wireless), and subnets, which are used to design and simulate network configuration, protocols, traffic and end user applications. OPNET Modeler has three hierarchical levels or editors. These are Project Editor Project editor is also known as network editor. The project editor is the key staging area for modeling a network simulation. In the project editor a network can be created by using the nodes, link, and subnets from the standard library, then select statistics, run the simulation and view the results of the network. FIGURE: Node Editor To built models of nodes the node editor is used. Node editor specifies the internal structure of the network node. The node includes workstations, satellite terminals, switches, and remote sensors. The OPNET node has a modular structure. The packets and status information are exchanged between modules which are connected via packet streams or statistic wires. Every module performs specific function, such as generating packets, processing packets, transmitting and receiving packets or queuing packets. FIGURE Process Editor The process editor is used to design process models, which controls the basic functionality of node models generated in the node editor. The process models are represented by Finite State Machines (FSMs). The FSMs are generated with icons, which show states and lines which shows transitions between states. The process models are expressed in C or C++ language. Figure In this chapter four different scenarios are discussed. These are Scenario1: Ethernet Network Model In this scenario a new wired network for Ethernet is created in OPNET Modeler as shown in figure. This scenario is created for campus network. In this scenario seven workstations are connected to the switch. With the help of a router the switch is connected to the server. The switch is connected to the router which is connected to the server. Ethernet links are used to connect all these nodes with each other. The server provides different applications used for the workstations. For this network model we also need to define the applications and profiles by adding a node for the application and profile. The workstations are associated with the profiles in order to use different applications. H:snapshots 1ETHERNET.bmp Figure Ethernet Network Model The nodes used in this scenario is Node Name Description Applications Profiles Server Router Switch Workstation How to configure Nodes The configuration of each node is as follow Application Configuration The application configuration is the most important node in the network design. By default the application configuration has a maximum of sixteen services, which are supported by the OPNET Modeler. These are http, ftp, e-mail, print etc. In this scenario the default services are selected as shown in the figure To configure the application node right click on it, select Edit Attributes a dialogue box will open. Change the name field value to application. Expand the Application Definitions row, select the default option while left other setting at default as shown in the figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)ETHERNET APPLICATIN CONFIG.bmp Figure: Ethernet Application Configuration Profile Configuration The profile configuration allows us to define a user or a group of user to the application services supported by the network. For this scenario one profile is defined namely shahid. The profile node can be configured by expanding the profile configuration row. Define the profile namely shahid also define the applications and change the operation mode to simultaneous while left the other setting at default as shown in figure To configure the profile configuration right click on it, select Edit Attributes a dialogue box will appear. Change the name field value to profiles. Expand the profile configuration row, select edit. Then define the profile namely shahid also define the applications and change the operation mode to simultaneous while left the other setting at default as shown in figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)ETHERNET PROFILE CONFIG2.bmp Figure: Ethernet Profile Configuration Server Configuration The server can generate the applications traffic such as http, ftp, e-mail, print etc. This traffic can be sent to the workstations with the help of router and switch which are connected through Ethernet links. In the server configuration, three applications supported services were defined namely http, ftp, and e-mail while all other settings are left at default as shown in figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)ETHERNET SERVER.bmp Figure Ethernet Server Configuration Workstation Configuration The workstation can also generate the applications traffic, which can be sent to the server through the network to the server. The workstation can be configured by selecting the Application Supported Profiles namely shahid while left all the other parameters at default as shown in the figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)ETHERNET WKSTN CONFIG.bmp Figure: Ethernet Workstation Configuration Router and Switch The functions of both the router and switch are almost the same. Both are forwarding the traffic to the end nodes. The router and switch are connected to each other through Ethernet link. Scenario2: WLAN Network Model In scenario 2 a wireless network model for WLAN is created in OPNET Modeler as shown in figure. This scenario is also created for the campus network. This scenario is similar to scenario1 with slight changes. In scenario2 the switch of scenario 1 is replaced with the wireless access point (AP) and also the workstations are replaced with the wireless LAN workstations. The main function of the wireless access point is to transmit and receive the wireless signals. The access point is connected to the router which is then connected to the server through Ethernet link as shown in figure. C:Usersshahid aliDesktopUntitlrgregreeddfgdfg.png Figure: WLAN Network Model The nodes used in scenario2 is Node Name Description Applications Profiles Server Router Wireless Access Point Wireless LAN Workstations The configuration of all the nodes except the wireless access point (AP) and wireless workstations are the same which are discussed in scenario1. The configuration of the wireless access point (AP) and the wireless workstations are as follow. Wireless access point (AP) configuration The wireless access point (AP) transmits and receives the wireless signals. The wireless access point can be configured by expanding the wireless LAN parameters. The access point functionality should be enabled so that this node can transmit the wireless signals. The BSS Identifier value is set to 0. If there is another wireless access point (AP) in the network then its BSS Identifier value must be different. The other setting is left at default as shown in figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)WLAN AP CONFIG.bmp Figure: WLAN Wireless Access Point (AP) Configuration Workstation configuration The workstation configuration is the same as the workstation configuration in scenario1. But in this scenario the BSS identifier value for the workstations is also defined. The BSS Identifier value is set to 0. This value must be the same as the wireless access point BSS Identifier value. The access point functionality is disabled for the workstations. The remaining settings are left at default as shown in figure. H:SNAPSHOT22)WLAN WKSTN APLICATION AND WIRELASS CONFIG.bmp Figure: WLAN Workstations Configuration Scenario3: DSL Network Model In this scenario a wired network model is created for the DSL using the OPNET Modeler. In this scenario four workstations are connected to the switch through the Ethernet links. The switch is connected to DSL modem. The DSL modem is connected to the DSLAM via the DSL links. The type of DSL used for this scenario is Asymmetric DSL (ADSL). The ADSL has a high downstream data rate than the upstream data rate. The function of the DSLAM is to linked several users to the high speed backbone network. The DSL modem is used to send and receive signals. The DSL modem has internal signal splitter that carries voice signal on the low frequencies and carries data signal above that frequencies. With the help of IP cloud the DSLAM is connected to the server via the PPP link. The figure shows the DSL network model. C:Usersshahid aliDesktopSHANPSHOT33DSL.bmp Figure: DSL Network Model The nodes and links used in scenario3 are Node/Link Name Description Applications Profiles Server Router Switch Workstation IP Cloud DSLAM DSL modem PPP Link DSL Link Ethernet Link The configuration of each node and applications taken for this scenario is the same as discussed in scenario1 and scenario2. For scenario3 the profile name is different, here the profile name is SHAH. Scenario4: WiMAX Network Model In scenario4 a wireless network model for the WiMAX is created using OPNET Modeler. This scenario is the same to scenario3 but there is a slight changes. A new node is added for the WiMAX configuration. Without this node the WiMAX network will not work. In this scenario the DSL modem is replaced with the WiMAX basestation, the switch is replaced with the subscriber station and the workstations are replaced with the wireless workstations. The WiMAX basestation will transmits the wireless signal over a long distance. The subscriber station which is found at the costumer site receives this signal, which is then sent to the wireless workstations. The subscriber station and the WiMAX basestation communicate through air interface-. The WiMAX basestation is communicating to the server through the ip cloud and router via PPP link. The figure shows WiMAX network model. C:Usersshahid aliDesktopSHANPSHOT33WIMAX.bmp Figure: WiMAX Network Model The nodes and links used for scenario4 are Node/Link Name Description Applications Profiles Wimax config Server Router Ip cloud WiMAX basestation Subscriber station Workstation Link

Concept Developed Within Classical Sociology

Choose any one concept or argument developed within classical sociology. Critically evaluate the use of this concept or argument by contemporary sociology in trying to understand a current social issue. In my essay I am going to discuss the current economic upheaval, its impact on modern society and how Marx and his theory of alienation are still relevant today. The topics covered will include classical Marxist sociological thought and modern concepts with regard to the current economic situation, for example, Industrial Action, job insecurity and the erosion of the welfare state. I will argue that people in society today, whether they are private or public sector workers or those claiming welfare are still exploited and alienated by capitalism just as they were in Marx’s day. Marx saw alienation as a process in which humanity is turned into a stranger in a world created by labour (Classical Social Theory, Craib 1997) by this he meant that the worker became a commodity and part of a production line, losing themselves and their identities to the means of production. The shift away from the freedom of human interaction through to the way in which society and social relations impose themselves upon is summed up (at least as far as capitalism is concerned) in the theory of alienation. ’ (Classical Social Theory, Craib 1997). Marx was convinced that the division of labour was the reason that man was alienated from his labour. He saw the proletariat exploited for his labour by the bourgeoisie who owned the means of production. Marx defined labour as â€Å"mans self confirming essence† and noted that capitalism had transformed human labour into an object, an external thing. Classical Social Theory, Craib 1997). It is important to understand Marx’s theory of alienation as I will be discussing its relevance in today’s society and the impact of this theory when applied to modern society. Employers only employ workers if they possess skills that are of a use value to them. In essence there is no point in employing someone who produces work of a value that is less than what they are to be paid. This is the exchange value of the workers labour power. The difference between the endeavours of the worker and the pay supplied by the employer is the surplus value, which is the profit that the empl oyer retains. This is Marx’s definition of exploitation that exists within the wage-labour relationship. In simple terms the worker is working for a wage to sustain them but also to ensure the employer gains a profit. The contrast between the two will always favour the employer not the worker. It is not that the employer overtly seeks to exploit the worker; it is in Marx’s eyes a natural consequence of capitalism. The employer pays the worker not out of the goodness of their heart but as a means of increasing their own wealth. Marx therefore perceived capitalism as being in a state of constant crisis. It is the existence of this exploitation that for Marx causes the crisis to occur. If as a worker I produce ?10,000 of goods in a month (value of labour power to employer) but I am only paid ?1,000 a month for this labour (exchange value of labour power) I do not receive sufficient pay to purchase the value of the goods I have produced. (Classical Social Theory, Craib 1997:pg94) In simple terms a crisis occurs in capitalism when goods produced by the workers are not sold. A consequence of this is that workers will be made redundant; this causes the economy to enter a depression or financial slump. This slump is only reversed when those goods are sold and companies can begin production once more. This is a very basic economic explanation of the cycle of growth and recession that has afflicted capitalism throughout its history. (Classical Social Theory, Craib 1997:pg95) The phenomenon of recession has been a constant threat within capitalist societies, not only in Marxist terms does the worker suffer the alienation and exploitation from his labour, he or she now has to contend with many other threats caused by the unstable nature of the economic system. The worker now faces the prospect of many other economic uncertainties, such as redundancy, pay freezes and pay cuts. The current worldwide recession that has plagued the banking financial sector has caused tremendous hardship for those ill equipped to deal with it. This has lead to a number of changes within the employment market. The fear of job insecurity has never been higher; the days of a job for life are now a thing of the past. Giddens refers to a concept of ‘trust and risk’. In this instance Giddens states that trust refers to the confidence that society has in individuals and its significant institutions. We live more than ever in a globalised community and society, our lives are shaped and influenced by people and institutions; we are never likely to meet. Giddens talks about society having trust in ‘abstract systems’, he uses the example of food regulation and banking systems. The current financial crisis we find ourselves in has lead to an all time low in the faith we once placed in the banking and financial world. In Britain a number of large banking corporations have had to have their losses underwritten by the tax payer. The consequence of this has been for the coalition government having to implement widespread cuts and policies to curb the financial deficit. Public sector workers and those who rely on the welfare state have been hit hardest by the new financial constraints forced upon them. (Giddens 2006:122,123) Those responsible for the current economic crisis, i. e. the banks have not suffered as a result of their mistakes in the same way that the worker or the welfare claimant have. As Marx would say, yet again the owners of the means of production have not been penalised but rather it is the proletariat who has had to incur financial hardship and exploitation. Recent examples of this include, Workers in two unions at Southampton City Council are to start indefinite industrial action from 23 May in a row over proposed pay cuts of up to 5. 5% and Postal workers in London have voted to go on strike in protest at job losses. The Royal Mail cites the need for voluntary redundancies to increase efficiency and profitability but the unions disagree, saying that forced redundancies will have to be implemented. These are two examples in the current economic crisis where workers are paying the price for a recession created by the actions of an unregulated banking system. The welfare state has also suffered in this harsh new financial reality, whilst those at the top of the banking fraternity have suffered no penalty or sanction, in fact quite the reverse, the city continues to hand out excessive bonuses. The glaring unfairness and difference that exists between those in control of the financial institutions and those who are beholden to them has never been more stark. In a bid to reduce the national debt, the coalition government has imposed budget cuts across the entire public sector. NHS, councils, the police have all had severe budget cuts. It will be the poorest in our society who will suffer as a result of these new financial constraints. This new tentative financial situation means that the worker and the claimant now face an uncertain financial future. In conclusion, if Marx were alive today he would see that nothing has changed, capitalism still retains an iron grip upon society and those who live in it. Wealth and inequality continues to widen every year. This has a serious and detrimental impact upon those in our society who can ill afford to suffer the financial hardships that have resulted from the mistakes and risks taken by those who own the means of production. Alienation and exploitation is now so widespread and there has never been a more pressing need for the works of great sociological thinkers like Karl Marx and what he had to say regarding the exploitive nature of the capitalist state. It is of crucial importance to highlight the inequality that exists within modern capitalist society. If we want and desire a fairer society for all we need to recognise those within it who suffer the most. The work of Karl Marx and particularly his theory of alienation has enabled society to understand the relationship that exists between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The worker will continue to be alienated under capitalism but now the ever increasing unfairness and exploitation suffered by the many as a result of the mistakes made by capitalist institutions will insure that wealth inequality will continue to increase. References Giddens A, 2006, Sociology Polity Press, Cambridge Craib I, 1997, Classical Social Theory, oxford University Press Oxford http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-13508478

Analysis of Murder in Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood

Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood documents the homicide of the Clutter family, the search for the killers, and the trial and execution of the two convicted murderers Perry Smith and Dick Hickock. Capote gives a detailed insight into the lives of the four Clutters prior to their untimely deaths, focusing primarily on the daughter, Nancy Clutter. In his description of Nancy, Capote utilizes rhetorical strategies, such as imagery, parenthesis, and allusion, to give the audience a more intimate appeal in the life of the young girl, thus providing a more emotional impact upon the reader. Capote’s accounts of Nancy’s life are immersed in imagery. Remarking that her room is the â€Å"most personal room in the house—girlish, and as frothy as a ballerina’s tutu,† Capote elaborates by speculating that her room’s â€Å"walls, ceiling, and everything else†¦were pink or blue or white.† He further illustrates the assortment of items in Nanc y’s room, observing that â€Å"a cork bulletin board, painted pink, hung above a white-skirted dressing table; dry gardenias, the remains of some ancient corsage, were attached to it, and old valentines, newspaper recipes, and snapshots of her baby nephew and of Susan Kidwell and of Bobby Rupp, Bobby caught in a dozen actions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Capote then goes on to describe Nancy’s nighttime â€Å"beauty routine, a cleansing, creaming ritual, which on Saturday nights included washing her hair.† The imagery abundant in the story’s excerpt portrays Capote’s emotional ties to the ClutterShow MoreRelatedTruman Capote and Postmodernism1398 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Truman Capote, as obsessed with fame and fortune as with penning great words, was a writer who became as well-known for his late-night talk show appearances as for his prose† (Patterson 1). Capote was a literary pop star at the height of his fame in 1966, after he had written such clas sic books as, Other Rooms, Other Voices, Breakfast at Tiffany’s, and In Cold Blood. Postmodernism was a literary period that began after the Second World War and was a rejection of traditional writing techniques. ItRead MoreTruman Capote s The Cold Blood Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesTruman Capote’s novel â€Å"In cold blood† was identified as a new form of non-fiction genre in which an objective approach was taken by the author, as his opinions and judgements were absent from the text, leaving only the truth for the reader to interpret. Capote’s narrative method allows the murders to be explained and rationalised within a framework of middle-class ideology and psychological analysis (Hollowell, 1997). Kazin (reference) conveys that the novel â€Å"In cold blood† creates a strong connectionRead MoreThe Murder Of The Clutter Family1135 Words   |  5 Pagesof the murder of the Clutter family is Truman Capote’s best work. It started out as an article for The New Yorker, and evolved into the non-fiction novel; the first of its kind. Capote traveled to Kansas with friend Harper Lee to research the killings. In the course of six years bringing this narrative together, Capote began taking drugs and drinking heavily due to the dark nature of the book. Truman Capote tells the true story of a family murdered in In Cold Blood, through character analysis and symbolismRead MoreTruman Capotes In Cold Blood1591 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature attempts to shape or reflect society, and oftentimes literature reveals truths and provides insight into the condition of that society. The American Dream is a dominant theme in American literature, and in Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood, the idealistic dream is critically evaluated. In this paper, I will explain the context of the work, and then I will compare and contrast Dick any Perry (the murderers) with the Clutter family (the murdered) in relation to the theme of the fragility o fRead MoreTruman Capote s The Cold Blood1375 Words   |  6 Pages Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood: a fictitiously unfactual fantasy or an accurately arranged account of a murder? The verdict is unclear; the novel-like manner of the book juxtaposes with the precise details of the plot. Capote’s writing style, unique compared to other works, poses this question with his seamless marriage of novel-like fabrication and stone cold facts. Capote’s use of ornately descript imagery and omniscient characterization intertwines with his intricate expertise and factual evidenceRead MoreTruman Capote’s Anonymity Essay2078 Words   |  9 PagesIn an interview with Truman Capote, George Plimpton asks if In Cold Blood is truly an accurate portrayal of the Clutter family’s murder, â€Å"One doesn’t spend almost six years on a book, the point of which is factual accuracy, and then give way to minor distortions† (Plimpton). Capote claims he only uses factual information in his story, completely removes himself from the novel, and has created a new genre of literature by combining reportage journalism with fiction techniques. However, literary criticsRead MoreThe Cold Blood : A Critical Analysis1965 Words   |  8 PagesIn Cold Blood: A critical analysis â€Å"There are two kinds of people - those who are changing and those who are setting themselves up to be victims of change.† You can rephrase the above statement in a thousand different ways. One might divide people into two groups, â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad†, the simplest of ways to categorize people. Then again, one could categorize people into two different groups, â€Å"people who like baseball† and â€Å"people who dislike baseball†. Like I said, you can say it in a thousand differentRead More Truman Capotes In Cold Blood: Novel vs Movie Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"In Cold Blood†, is a nonfiction story by Truman Capote. This book presents one of the worst murders in history. It was a best seller worldwide, and turned into a successful movie. As usual the movie does not stand up to the book. If you want more knowledge of the townspeople, victims and more insight into the trial, more background details of the murders, you sho uld read the book. If you are interested in history and a good murder mystery all in the confines of a book cover, read In Cold BloodRead MoreAnalysis Of Truman Capote s The Cold Blood 2055 Words   |  9 PagesJaswanth Sai Pyneni Mrs. Jiminez AP American Literature Language and Composition 3 August 2012 In Cold Blood 1. Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood. NY: Modern Library, 1965 2. Postmodernist Crime Nonfiction 3. In â€Å"In Cold Blood†(1965), a nonfiction novel, Truman Capote accounts for the murder of the Clutter family, residing in Holcomb, Kansas, and the events that followed. The mode of development includes Gothic themes and motifs to make the audience question the roles of the protagonists and the antagonistsRead MoreTruman Capote s Cold Blood 1292 Words   |  6 Pages Mrs. Esparza AP English lll Period 5 8 January 2017 The Full Picture Written by Truman Capote, In Cold Blood is a riveting narrative that documents a historical American crime. Written seven years following the murder of the Clutter Family, Capote was able to produce such a unique novel that reflects the countless hours that he had spent obtaining information. The extensive amount of interviews and reports add a great amount of depth to the storytelling. The abundance of vivid perspectives captivates

The Lord Is Good And Evil - 1255 Words

Psalms begins with many metaphors. The Lord continues to make covenants with prophets on Earth. Psalms are very short; they are pretty straightforward, unlike many of the other chapters of the Bible. The Lord continues to listen to his people as they ask for his forgiveness and pity. Sacrifices are made for the Lord to show their worshipping ways. Psalms continues in a happy uplifting tone, where the people continue to ask for forgiveness because the people have finally praised God the way God always wanted them to. The Lord accepts the prays of his people and grants them with forgiveness. The assembly of the people was gathered and judged by their righteous God, not allowing men to repent against God. God, honoring the people who admire†¦show more content†¦God is good but he also has complete control over everything. The Song of Songs, which is Solomon’s, begins with woman speaking seducing words for the King. They ask many questions and expect many answers from the king. They have many gifts for the King and the King continues to speak to the women telling them how beautiful they are. They believe to be the most valuable women in the kingdom, seducing many different men across. The time of singing is upon the people and spring arrives. The man and woman are very happy with each other; they continue to speak with each other on where their heart sets. The women begin to notice many different things from the forest, and she notices that it is Solomon. The woman is very interested in what Solomon has to offer. I’m quite confused, I can’t tell if she was talking to herself during that episode or talking to someone else. The woman is very worried that her beloved is near and thrills her with love. She begins to imagine many different outcomes that include her beloved. I’m not sure who her beloved is or what it is at that matter. Songs of Songs is the exact same story over and over and over again. The city is now lonely, but the people of the provinces have become slaves. Judah is now in exile and the woman dread what might come upon the nations next. Jerusalem’s people fell into sin and became filthy. God has killed everyone who was good in our eyes but not in his, Zion begins to talk bad

High Levels Of Stress On Teens Essay - 2218 Words

What is causing significant amounts of stress on teens, and what are they using to cope? What is the world doing to help them? What can we do to help? Teens are struggling to cope with the complex issues today. But is stress no more than an easy excuse, because teens are handed tasks that they simply don t want to do? High levels of stress can also be early signs of possible emotional or mental health issues. What can we as a community do to change this large amount of stress put on teens, because they feel like the amount of work given to them is too much, and adults expect too much for them? Probably too many questions here. Keep your intros shorter. 3 in 4 parents feel that their child is under too much pressure from school ,exams, and SAT s 90% said that they fear that their child is struggling to cope 1 in 5 have sought some kind of mental health support. 2 in 3 said that their child was at risk of burnout 79% of kids said that they felt that they were made to grow up to fast 52% of parents said that they let their child have a day off of schools to take some time off and relax 20% of parents say that homework assignments are to difficult for their child s age group Northeast students are significantly more likely to talk about school stress(why) or pressure with their parents. (71.31%) followed by the students from the Midwest (70.25%) 51.85% of parents sought out additional academic help Save these facts for the body paragraphs of your essay. Or pick one ofShow MoreRelatedHigh Levels Of Stress Among Teens1251 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiencing high levels of stress due to high school and the associated pressures and therefore are demonstrating damaging symptoms as an effect. Many of these experts appeared in a survey conducted by the American Psychological Association. This published survey concluded that â€Å"during the school year, teens say their stress level is higher than levels reported by adults. [†¦] Teens report that their stress [†¦] far exceeds what they believe to be healthy [†¦] and tops adults averages reported stress levelsRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Mental And Physical Health Of A Person1129 Words   |  5 PagesStress impacts the mental and physical health of a person in many ways. Prolonged or frequent exposure to stress can be detrimental to a person s health. It is important to get counseling for stress management before it becomes chronic or life threatening. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is study of the ways the immune and nervous systems interact with each other and impact mental and emotional health. PNI research suggests that chronic stress can cause mood disorders such as depression and anxietyRead MoreToo Much Stress in Teens Lives716 Words   |  3 Pagesno question that adults have large amounts of stress as a result of jobs, money, family issues and the economy. What is often overlooked is how much stress and anxiety teens experience. It is common knowledge that teens worry about school, grades, and sports; but this does not even begin to scratch the surface of the amount of stress teens go through. Teens today feel pressure from the whole of society to conform and to be popular or in style. Teens are also expected to plan for, and have their futureRead MoreStress And Its Effect On Our Lives1494 Words   |  6 PagesSinister Stress Everyone has stress, but not everyone realizes the impact it has on their lives. Most people don’t realize or understand the amount of stress they are under. What used to be considered extreme levels of stress has become normal in today’s society. Most people, adults especially, don’t realize that teens largely experience these high levels of stress. Before talking about the stress that teens experience, though, it is best to understand what stress is and why one has it. Stress is a naturalRead MoreEffect of Stress on Students1086 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Stress Epidemic Stress can destroy a human physically, emotionally, and mentally. The average high school student in this generation shows to have higher stress and anxiety levels, along with increased medical problems from this stress, than ever before. Many factors can contribute to this stress and the negative effects it can take on one’s body and mind. With students and their undeveloped minds, stress takes a larger toll on their current and future health. But what exactlyRead MoreTeen Stress Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe way stress affects teens ages between 13 and 17 are extremely unfortunate and very health concerning. Stress has been increasing in teens by 2.2% since 2013 according to an infographic posted on related to this topic. With these high levels of stress, it can lead to serious mental and physical health problems. These stress levels can cause anxiety, depression, and panic attacks in teens who are suffering from long-term and short-term stress. This is a n important topic because when stress is notRead MoreTeachers, Counselors, And Even Parents Seem To Think That1403 Words   |  6 Pagesthink of stress as a big deal, since, most are adults and deal with daily stress themselves. They fail to see that stress can have more effects than just typical hair loss. They’re stressing teenagers out by pushing them to apply for college early, making them take college prep classes and making them take tests such as the ACT to see whether they qualify for the college they re applying to or not. There has been many studies conducted to try and figure out what causes teenagers so much stress at theirRead MoreProblems with High School Education1060 Words   |  5 PagesProblems with High School Education Public education has been a staple to American society since the mid nineteenth century. However, in the years since, the public school system has developed many flaws. The system that was originally created to enhance the lives of students and better society now causes much detriment. Although public education claims to be the â€Å"great equalizer† there are many problems ignored by school reform policies that hinder the learning of children. IncomeRead MoreDecreasing Academic Stress in Schools1080 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern day high school. Stress places mental and physical strain on the body and can potentially harm health. Stress is the feeling created by the body when it reacts to certain events that put tension or strain upon one’s physical, mental, or emotional state. Acute stress is short term stress that can last anywhere from three days to four weeks. On the other hand, chronic stress is a more serious problem because it is long term stress and can impact health even more. When under constant stress, alsoRead MoreTeen Stress Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesMany people in high school, mostly teens, experience dozens of pressure in their life. To be specific, Schoolwork. Most teens want to excel in school, but want to have a social life or play some kind of sport. One thing that teens don’t understand is that once you’re out of high school, you have college, and then maybe graduate scho ol. Our education will not be over just in High School. You have to work hard and these four years of your life, will impact everything that you do. If you mess up even

The Secret Circle The Hunt Chapter 9 Free Essays

string(41) " the Circle to arrive for their meeting\." After her encounter with Scarlett at the dance, Cassie’s sleep was fitful – nightmare after nightmare plagued her mind. As she woke up, she knew what she had to do to make it stop. She pulled the gunmetal chest out from under her bed and unlocked its clasp. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 9 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She’d wanted to wait for Adam to be with her before she tried to open the book again, but time was running out, and things with Adam had just gotten a whole lot more complicated. She couldn’t allow a potential love triangle to trip up her search for answers. Plus, she had an idea. In the jewelry box where she kept all her precious stones, Cassie had an obsidian crystal. It was the same crystal she’d once used to disable a guarding spell Faye had placed on one of the Master Tools. Cassie squeezed the sharp-edged black rock in her hand now. It was known to purify dark matter. Why not give it a try? She glided the crystal over and around her father’s Book of Shadows while whispering the chant that had been successful last time: Darkness be gone, no shields are needed, purity enters and leaves here unhindered. Then she pulled on the book’s leather string and fanned its cover open. She touched the first page hopefully, but it immediately grew hot, singeing the tip of her pointer finger. Cassie drew back, but before the book flapped closed she thrust the obsidian crystal between its pages. At first the book struggled against the stone, rattling and thrashing, and the crystal shook over its pages like a kernel of corn in hot oil. But then the book seemed to tire. Slowly, each page grew calm and quiet beneath the crystal until they were still. The book’s darkness had been tamed just enough to allow the rock to hold it open like a simple paperweight. The words scrawled upon the first two pages still looked like an ancient language of lines and symbols. Viewing them this closely made Cassie’s eyes feel strange and off kilter, like staring at an optical illusion. But at least now she could get to researching and translating. And if she maneuvered the obsidian just so, she could even use it to turn the book’s pages. Wait till Adam saw this. Just then her doorbell rang and Cassie realized what time it was. The Circle meeting to go over the events of the night before was set to begin in a few minutes. Cassie removed the obsidian and the book flapped closed. She quickly locked it back in its hiding place before running down to answer the door. On her front porch was Nick, carrying a duffel bag over his shoulder. He didn’t look happy, for obvious reasons, but Cassie was glad to have a moment with him before the rest of the Circle arrived. She led him inside and asked him to have a seat on the living room sofa. â€Å"I’ll show you downstairs in just a minute,† she said. â€Å"But first I was hoping we could talk.† Nick dropped his bag on the floor and sat down. â€Å"Okay.† Cassie sat beside him. â€Å"I’m so sorry,† she said. â€Å"I feel like it’s my fault you got marked.† â€Å"Scarlett was trying to kill you. You weren’t exactly asking for it,† Nick said. â€Å"I know, I just †¦ you saved my life. And I can’t bear to think what might happen to yours now.† Nick shook his head. â€Å"It’s not your fault, Cassie. I knew the chance I was taking, and I chose to risk it. Besides, I can handle this.† Cassie reached for Nick’s hand. It was a bold move, but she felt like under the circumstances it was worth the try. For once he didn’t pull away from her. Cassie opened her mouth to assure him that she would be there for him the way he was for her – but then a loud, pounding noise rattled the floor beneath them. Nick jumped with alarm. â€Å"It’s okay,† Cassie said. â€Å"It’s only Faye and a broom handle. She finds the use of it ironic.† Nick tried to play it cool, but Cassie knew he was embarrassed about being so easily startled, that the cracks beneath his cool exterior were starting to show. â€Å"It’s Faye’s special signal,† she said casually. â€Å"When she bangs on the ceiling with the broom, it means she’s in dire need of attention.† â€Å"When doesn’t Faye need attention?† Nick ran his fingers through his hair and allowed himself to laugh. â€Å"So where is this secret room anyway?† Cassie smiled. â€Å"Follow me.† She led Nick downstairs to the old bookshelves and cast the spell to reveal the hidden door. Faye and Laurel were waiting expectantly inside. They’d microwaved popcorn, baked cupcakes, and had music playing. â€Å"I’ve been marked,† Nick said, surveying the scene. â€Å"It’s not my birthday.† But he still reached for a pink-frosted cupcake and took a hearty bite. The room had changed quite a bit since Cassie had last seen it. Faye and Laurel each infused it with their own character. Laurel’s side of the room was draped with green plants, herbs, and flowers. Piles of thick books were stacked as high as the eye could see, many of them for the research she was doing on the hunters. Faye’s side was adorned with red tapestries and velvety pillows. She’d also created a small altar that housed candles and incense and various concoctions. â€Å"You’ll have to carve out a space of your own,† Cassie said to Nick. â€Å"At your own risk.† â€Å"I’ll be just fine.† Nick tossed his duffel bag down and shoved the last bite of cupcake into his mouth. â€Å"I don’t need much.† â€Å"We’ve got an air mattress for you to sleep on,† Faye said. â€Å"But if you get lonely, there’s lots of extra room in my bed.† â€Å"Gross,† Laurel shouted. â€Å"Not with me here there isn’t.† â€Å"That’s my cue to leave.† Cassie let Nick get settled in and went upstairs to wait for the rest of the Circle to arrive for their meeting. You read "The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 9" in category "Essay examples" As everyone trickled in, Cassie directed them downstairs. It was Adam she was really waiting for, but he was last to arrive, which was rare. When he finally rambled up the walk, he appeared more disheveled than normal. His clothes were wrinkled and his hair was uncombed. There were dark circles beneath his eyes that made it look like he hadn’t slept all night. Cassie hoped it wasn’t yesterday’s conversation about the cord weighing him down. â€Å"Before we go downstairs,† Adam said, â€Å"I want to show you something.† He reached into the inside pocket of his jacket and retrieved a squeezable pink plastic tube. â€Å"My lip gloss?† Cassie asked. Adam nodded. â€Å"Not just any lip gloss. This fell out of your pocket the night of our first kiss. And this †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Adam pulled a tiny square of paper from the same pocket. â€Å"This is the movie ticket stub from our official first date.† Next Adam held up his cell phone. â€Å"Saved on here,† he said, â€Å"is the first time you said I love you to me on my voice mail. And these are only the beginning, Cassie. Do you understand what I’m getting at?† â€Å"You’re in great danger of becoming a hoarder?† Cassie grinned. Adam laughed. â€Å"Maybe, but it’s because everything and anything that reminds me of you, I have to save forever. If that doesn’t prove that I’m head-over-heels in love with you, I don’t know what will.† All the tension and fear Cassie built up overnight about their relationship had just floated up and away. She wanted to jump into Adam’s arms and lose the afternoon in his embrace. But there was no time for that now. Their friends were waiting. All Cassie could do at the moment was kiss Adam with her whole being, and hope her love for him shined through, that their connection was palpable, before leading him downstairs to join the others. â€Å"The hunters and Scarlett are way too close for comfort,† Melanie was saying when Adam and Cassie entered the secret room. Everyone was gathered in a circle except for Chris and Doug, who were stirring around in the kitchen like hyperactive children. Deborah agreed with Melanie. â€Å"We need to get closer to the hunters, to have full surveillance on them, since they’re obviously watching us.† â€Å"I can get us closer to Max,† Diana said. Faye snickered and whispered something under her breath to Deborah and Suzan. Diana turned to her. â€Å"I’m the only one who can easily do it,† she said. â€Å"We all know that.† â€Å"But you could be putting yourself in danger,† Faye said mockingly. Then her face took on a spiteful weightiness. â€Å"If given the chance, Max will mark you just like he did me.† Diana shrugged. â€Å"I’m not going to do any magic around him. Besides if I can get into his bedroom, I might be able to find out where he keeps his relic.† â€Å"You’re not going anywhere near his bedroom,† Faye shot back. Laurel cleared her throat. â€Å"I’ve made some progress digging up information about the relics,† she said. With a nod from Cassie, she took the center of the floor and explained to the Circle that the relics originated around 1320, shortly after Pope John XVII authorized the Inquisition to persecute witchcraft as a type of heresy. â€Å"An accused witch created and spelled the relics in return for her life,† Laurel said. â€Å"She christened the owners of these magical stones and taught them the killing curse.† â€Å"Of course they needed a witch to do their dirty work for them,† Sean called out. â€Å"Wimps.† Laurel pursed her lips at the interruption. â€Å"Soon the Inquisition led to a wave of witch-hunting,† she continued, â€Å"during which the relics were sighted throughout France, Italy, and Germany. But many of them were destroyed during the peak of the hunts, which occurred in the late 1500s till around 1630. And by the time the hunt reached Salem in the 1690s, only a dozen or so relics – and even fewer hunter families – had survived.† Laurel focused her eyes on Diana specifically. â€Å"It’s now believed there are only six relics still active.† Diana was looking straight down at the floor. In almost a whisper she said, â€Å"That’s all?† Laurel glanced at Faye. â€Å"So it may be worth it for Diana to search Max’s bedroom if it means we can bring that number down to five.† â€Å"Five, six, seven hundred, what difference does it make?† Nick called out. â€Å"We still don’t have a way to beat them. Can we talk for a moment about Scarlett? She wants to kill Cassie, to get her spot in the Circle, and she has our Master Tools. She almost got the best of us last night, and she’ll come back again. If we can’t use magic on her, then we need to be ready to destroy her with our bare hands.† Deborah patted Nick on the shoulder. â€Å"Well, it goes without saying that my cousin can use some anger management right about now.† Until this point, everyone had been so engrossed in the discussion that no one had noticed Chris trying to squeeze his six-foot-tall body into the tiny confines of the dumbwaiter carved into the kitchen wall. But the racket he was creating finally captured the group’s attention. â€Å"I can do it,† he said. â€Å"Doug, push my feet in for me. And then launch me upstairs.† Doug did as he was told, laughing. He shoved Chris’s feet deeper into the box with one hand. His other hand hovered over the wooden lever that would send the dumbwaiter flying up the chute that led to the kitchen above them. â€Å"Chris,† Cassie yelled. â€Å"That’ll never hold you. It’s not an elevator. Get out before you break it.† â€Å"Don’t mess with that thing,† Faye called out to him. â€Å"It’s our favorite way to have Cassie wait on us from upstairs.† â€Å"But I can do it,† Chris said again. â€Å"I’m not as big as I look.† Cassie’s patience had worn thin and a peculiar anger surged through her. Her face and hands grew hot with rage. â€Å"I said, get out of there!† Before she could get control of herself, she marched over to Doug and forcefully shoved him away from the lever. Her strength caught him by surprise, causing him to stumble backward. Chris, in his struggle to climb out of the dumbwaiter before Cassie could reach him, slipped out headfirst and hit the floor with a thump. A few silent seconds passed before he screamed out in pain, clutching his left arm. â€Å"Now you’ve done it,† Doug said. â€Å"You broke my brother.† â€Å"Seriously, Cassie,† Sean said. â€Å"You didn’t have to humiliate him like that.† â€Å"I barely touched him,† Cassie screamed out. â€Å"He’s in pain,† Diana said. â€Å"Duh.† Doug helped Chris to his feet. â€Å"I think his arm is broken.† â€Å"I guess Nick isn’t the only one with anger issues.† Deborah glanced at Cassie and then went to Chris’s other side for support. â€Å"He’s in pain,† Diana shouted out again. â€Å"Do you understand what this means?† Cassie thought back to her car accident a few weeks ago, when she walked away unscathed, and she suddenly comprehended Diana’s shock. â€Å"The protective spell is broken,† Cassie said. A spine-chilling quiet fell over the room as everyone realized what this meant for their safety. â€Å"Scarlett in the gym last night,† Diana said. â€Å"She wasn’t there to ruin our dance. She was destroying the only thing keeping us alive.† How to cite The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 9, Essay examples

College Should Ban Smoking free essay sample

Smoking should not be permitted on college campuses In contemporary world, the human society is progressing rapidly on various fronts. Yet at the same time, many problems have arisen, one of which is whether students can smoke on campus. This issue has drawn widespread attention. Some people assert that smoking is individual right so that they can smoke on campus while many others argue that smoking on campus is not only related to their own health issue but also influence other non-smokers and environment. In my perspective, I am in favor of the latter view. Smoking should not be allowed on college campuses. It is evidently reasonable for some to argue that smoking on campus is not healthy for smoker and non-smoker. As we all know, smoking is detrimental to our health. Every year we can know that a large amount of people die from diseases caused by smoking cigarettes such as lung cancers, heart diseases and stroke. There is the mixture of nicotine and carbon monoxide in each cigarette that can increase heart rate and blood pressure, straining your heart and blood vessels. Secondhand smoke is also unhealthy. Secondhand smoke also called environmental tobacco smoke, involuntary smoke, and passive smoke. It is the combination of â€Å"side stream† smoke (the smoke given off by a burning tobacco product) and â€Å"mainstream† smoke (the smoke exhaled by a smoker). It can also cause heart diseases, respiratory disease and cancers. As college students, I think the main task on campus is study knowledge and we can enjoy the good academic atmosphere. But sometimes we walk around campus; it is not difficult for us to find students smoking on public area such as lawn, outside the library and the door of teaching building. When we walk by these smokers, we are the victim of secondhand smoke; our nonsmokers will be sickened by exposure to others’ tobacco smoke and some even have allergic reactions. It is severely harm to our non-smokers’ health and rights and influence our daily life in college. We afford tuition fees to college so that we can get a good atmosphere to study and college also have duty to ensure our study lives and security on campus. Therefore, many colleges have published policy that students are smoke free on campus and I assert it is responsible for every student’s health and rights. Moreover, I want to mention that smoke on campus is also detrimental to environment and it will cause bad influence on every student, faculty member, staff person and visitor on campus. Undeniable, it can produce carbon dioxide and nicotine that cause air pollution when people smoking. Cigarettes contain over 4000 chemicals and they all release to air and atmosphere. Maybe some guys will say how it causes pollution by such a little waste gas release to air? Do not forget that at present there are 1. billion smokers in the whole world. It means there is a massive amount of pollution being released into the air every day and it is a huge number that enough to influence the environment. The polluted air is harmful to our health especially effect our lung and respiratory tract. There is not only just air pollution caused by cigarettes but also pollute the land and water. I always see the phenomenon that people who smoke on campus or other public areas throw away the cigarette butts on la nd and on grass. When guys finish smoking, they throw cigarette butts at any place; whether there is a waste bin or not. Another severely issue is if the cigarette butts do not eliminate, it is easy to fire. In addition, when throw cigarette butt into river, it can also pollute the water we drink and use. If fish eat it by mistake, they will die from it. If people throw it on ground, the chemicals will pollute the soil and plants. Therefore, smoking is detrimental to environment. Another issue is smoke on campus can lead to bad influence on staff and visitor. As is well-known, college is a place for us to accept knowledge. Not only staff but also students are exhausting every effort to establish good academic atmosphere and energetic image. If you walk around campus and find many students smoke everywhere, how do you think about this college? Smoking on campus is still a sensitive topic; it may lead to you suspect this campus ethos and the quality of students. So I think smoking on campus is not only influence environment but also cause bad image on staff and visitor. On the contrary, some people are still against smoke free on campus; because they hold viewpoint that smoking is their individual stuff. At this age of society, people all advocate freedom and fair rights so that they think smoke free on campus is against their rights. Definitely, they have rights to smoke at any place they want, but if their behaviors bring out some negative effects to the public, it must be banned. We all understand that there is no benefit from smoking, even it can bring severly damage to our health and life. So I think it is necessary for college to publish policy of smoke free on campus. Acctually, I think that is not the only and best way; and we must consider smokers’ rights and feeling. Therefore, I just come up with a suggestion that college can bulid a smoking room in specified area for smokers. It is not only provide a place for those smokers but also make non-smokers far away from the influence and disturb of cigarette smoking. In conclusion, it is necessary to ban smoking on campus; although smokers argue this behavior encroach rights.